“While beauty may be skin deep, ‘pretty’ is still a very compelling argument.”
- Xenocrates

What is beauty? How do we know when someone is beautiful? Is it really in the eyes of the beholder? Is it specific to individual preference? Is beauty something that is culturally indigenous? Is one race naturally more beautiful than another? Are beautiful people better than the rest of us? Are beautiful people naturally shallow? These are all valid questions that most people tend to make incorrect assumptions about. The answers may surprise you (as they did me). As it turns out, a lot of what is commonly associated with beauty is largely based on bias and a lack of understanding of the factors that make someone beautiful. In this post, I explore all of these in great detail. So whether you’re beautiful or aesthetically challenged, you may find this post of great interest.
The Importance of being Beautiful
Being physically attractive seems to make or break your case in life whether or not you choose to admit it. In fact your face is your primary ambassador and your body is the key to your success – in every conceivable way. Beautiful people have an effect on other people that is so profound and unprecedented, that even if you were a totally rotten individual, most people would treat you like royalty anyway – just because you’re nice to look at.
Even before all races were treated with equality, beautiful people from all ethnic groups were savoring that opportunity. The rules, whatever they were, did not apply to them. They could break the law and get away with it. They could publicly embarrass themselves and people would worship them anyway. They could cheat on their spouses and people would revere them equally. Being beautiful means that the world is your footstool.
Survival of the Prettiest

Priyanka Chopra - Miss India 2000
Why does the world instinctively revere beautiful people? It’s because of our DNA. Every human being is hard wired to prefer beautiful people. There is a very good reason for this. Every human brain is genetically programmed to recognize beauty as a sign of genetic perfection. Beauty is a representation of health and genetic viability. It indicates to men that the woman being viewed is a perfect candidate for housing his children. It indicates to women that the man being viewed as a perfect source of Y chromosomes that will maximize the chance of her child’s survival. There’s no way for humans to look inside each other to determine who has a higher level of genetic perfection than another. This is why physical beauty becomes necessary. It is a reflection of the genetic perfection on the inside of the biological machines we call our body. Therefore beauty is not quite as “skin deep” as stipulated by the popular expression.
Of course, nobody actually thinks about these things when they view a beautiful person. We just feel it in our instinct. We are compelled to want beautiful people around us because our DNA naturally impels us to. Beauty is nature’s way of maximizing the probability that the best genes have the best chances of survival while minimizing the probability that imperfect DNA will ever be passed on to offspring. This natural genetic “cleansing” process in turn ensures that humanity on a whole has the best chance of continued survival. All of this is manifested through the inextricable correlation between beauty and genetic health.
This is why models like Priyanka Chopra who had no previous training as an actress could go on to become a famous Bollywood star shortly after winning the Miss World pageant in 2000. The same can be said of many other models who turned to acting after achieving a plateau in their modeling career. Women like Ali Larter, Milla Jovovich and Charlize Theron are now reaping great success as actresses, largely in part because they’re beautiful. They never had to go through the same kind of rigors many successful actors had to face.
Preferential Treatment
Being beautiful also make life considerably easier and more fulfilling. A recent study conducted by ABC’s 20/20 shows that people literally react more warmly to someone who is in trouble if they are beautiful. It’s not that these people are prejudiced. They are just reacting to their own genetic instinct.
People seem to subconsciously associate physical attractiveness with “trustworthiness”. So a relatively unattractive person trying to hitch hike on a lonely highway will have a considerably harder time getting a ride into town than someone who is drop dead gorgeous. Humans are subconsciously shallow like that.
Life is a DNA Gambit
The representation of genetic perfection is critical to survival because of how easy it is for the cell division process in the womb to go terribly wrong. DNA splicing during pregnancy has several billion ways of going awry. The process is as complex as it is prone to failure. It’s like trying to build a machine with 140 trillion parts from a schematic of 30 million instructions. Multiply those numbers and you have the ultimate permutation of Murphy’s law on steroids. This is why pregnant woman are so heavily cautioned to keep in the best of health and to avoid smoking, alcohol and certain drugs. All of these external factors can massively impair this extremely delicate process.
Because of the inherent complexity involved during DNA splicing (as well as population dispersion), in most cases, people are born with an average of 30% of their DNA being bad – hence giving them an “average” appearance (which is really a misnomer, as I’ll discuss in a bit). Beautiful people are those who have less than 30% of their DNA being bad, thus giving them a much better chance at advertising their innate perfection than everyone else. Either way, everyone is hard wired to recognize symmetry as being beautiful – even people who have 30% bad DNA. So it doesn’t matter what the politically correct will say. While beauty may be skin deep, ‘pretty‘ is still a very compelling argument.
The Definition of Beauty
Scientists describe beauty as being a summation of averages. Geometrically, it is a configuration of symmetrical lines. Mathematically, beauty is expressed as a ratio of 1.618. Some of this may seem like high minded science to you, but it is all pre-programmed into everyone’s brain. You don’t need to think about it or understand how it works because it’s already a part of your genetic wiring. This is what allows us to recognise beauty instantly and automatically.
Because of this, we can instantly tell when an artist’s rendering of the human form is unrealistic as in the case of artwork or animation. This is what also allows us to tell when someone’s appearance seems “off“, when we can’t quite place what it is. It’s just that part of the brain that interprets visual and other information matching it against nature’s hard coded standard of beauty.
Understanding ‘Race’

Race is nothing more than a phenotypic manifestation of DNA.
Before we can adequately define what beauty is, we need to understand the implications associated with the genetic phenomenon we commonly call “race”. DNA (Dioxyribo-Nucleic Acid) is a binary system of switches, which represent an instruction set for producing life. “Flipping” several of these switches on or off in particular sequences produces various genetic permutations – very much like how computer programs only differ by various permutations of ones and zeroes.
(Fun fact: Computers were actually designed to mimic DNA because of how efficiently nature stores data).
Genetically speaking, race is nothing more than:
The perception of homogenous congruity among ethnic groups resulting from a consistent replication of specific DNA patterns.
By DNA pattern, we are actually referring to a phenotype of human DNA. A phenotype (in layman’s terms) is a particular physiological configuration, such as blue eyes, dark skin, long hair and so on. When humans migrated out of Africa, various groups clustered together in specific regions on earth. After several generations of reproduction, a set of DNA patterns became more commonplace in each group. This created the consistent replication of a particular DNA sequence in each group, thus leading to the phenomenon we call “Race” today.
The human genotype has over 30,000-factorial possible phenotypic permutations. That number is equivalent to 30,000 x 29,999 x 29,998 x …… 3 x 2 x 1. That’s how many possible variations of the human genotype can be produced from our DNA. Don’t try to work that out on your calculator. It will simply overload. In fact, that number is too large to be represented inside any computing machine that exists today without using cloud-based or serially attached computing cluster farms (like those used to build the super computers that predict the weather).
Now that you have an idea of how incredibly complex Human DNA is, this puts everything else into context:
Only 3% of our DNA produces the phenotypes we associate with race. But a phenotyptic permutation is just one of several hundred million possible variations of that same 3%. So our appearance is just one of many millions of possible “shades” or “flavours” of the same DNA. If the earth was much bigger, we would have many, many more distinct races, instead of variations of the three most populous ones we have on earth today: Negroid, Mongoloid and Caucazoid.
Technically speaking, the phenomenon we call “race” doesn’t really exist. In fact, the word “race” is really a misnomer. We invented words like Caucasian, Asian, Negro and so on in our ignorance before we discovered DNA. So whenever we look at someone and observe their racial ethnicity, all that we are seeing is the representation of less variety in human DNA – and that is the major problem with race when it comes to beauty.
The Scientific Definition of Beauty

Beautiful people rarely display the phenotypic qualities commonly associated with their ethnic origin, as seen here: Aishwarya Rai - Miss India / World 1994.
The original “race” of human beings had every DNA switch turned on. However, as groups migrated, some of these switches were “turned off”, largely by interbreeding in particular environments. The DNA “switches” that did not maximize chances of survival in particular environments were “turned off” after several generations. So each race represents a DNA permutation in which some switches have been turned off. The more switches are turned off, the more “hyper specific” the genetic representation of the appearance of a person in that race. When it comes to beauty, hyper specificity is bad. The more hyper specific a phenotype, the fewer “switches” are turned on, and thus, the less attractive that person appears to be.
Hyper specificity is the opposite of a genetic average. People with more of their ‘appearance switches’ turned on, are said to be more “genetically average” than others. People who are more genetically average tend to be more beautiful. So when we say that someone is “average” looking, the word ‘average’ in this context is a misnomer. The word “average” in gene science insinuates total inclusiveness of all genetic components to some degree – not the frequency of the recurrence of specific components (which is what produces the phenomenon we call ‘race’).
Therefore scientifically speaking, the more genetically average the components of someone’s appearance, the more beautiful they are perceived to be. The less genetically average the components of a person’s appearance, the more hyper specific they are, and thus the less beautiful they are perceived to be. Beauty in humans can therefore be scientifically defined as:
Any phenotypic configuration that represents the most average genetic permutation of human DNA.
People who are more distinctively Negro, Caucasian or Asian than their counterparts in the same ethnicity are notably less attractive than people who are more genetically average in each race. People who are more beautiful tend to rarely display any of the phenotypic qualities commonly associated with their ethnic origin. A classic example is the sample of women who have won the Miss World pageant. Women from Asian territories who have won the pageant have been noted to be distinctively less “Asian” in appearance than their kin. The same can be said of women from other ethnic groups.
This is why people who are of mixed ethnicity are generally regarded as being more beautiful than individuals from each of their parents’ contributing race. The hyper specificity of each race is eliminated in offspring when the DNA from parents of differing races is spliced. In every embryo, nature is so programmed that it only takes the very best genes from each parent to make up the embryo. This maximizes the chances of that embryo surviving birth and living a healthy life. This is also why offspring of mixed races tend to have the best qualities of both races and none of the typical hereditary illnesses common to either.
Cultural Implications
The automatic recognition of this law of averages is why Caucasians sometimes seek elective surgery to give them more pronounced physical appearances such as face lifts, botox treatment, or even tanning their skin for that golden-brown appearance. This is also why those of African descent living in western cultures seek chemical options for the treatment of the hair (often with the use of implanted hair in women) to give themselves that appearance, while showing preference within their own communities for fairer skinned phenotypic representations.
The law of averages explains both scenarios succinctly since the average of all genetic extremities (of any particular race) is generally preferred by all races and cultures. This average represents what the original race of humanity once looked like. This is one of the key reasons why less distinct races like Latinos, East Indians, and multi-ethnic Caribbean descendants have been top picks at international beauty pageants. Each of these ethnic groups contain the average of all the qualities that are universally recognized by our DNA as being beautiful. They are not hyper specific to any genetic extremity we would call a “race”.
The Geometric & Mathematical Beauty of the Body

The female brain latches on to geometric symmetry in the upper body of a male (face to stomache).
A person who is considered to be beautiful also possesses perfect symmetry in the physical shape of their bodies. By this we mean that whatever curves are represented on one side of the body are perfectly mirrored on the other. Symmetry also refers to the curvaceous shape around the muscles of the limbs and the cheeks of the face. Symmetry covers the shape of the eye sockets, the concave curvature of the nose bridge relative to the arch of the eyebrows which should be mirrored in the lips by a ratio of approximately 1.618 – also known as the Golden Ratio.
Symmetry is what allows the female brain to recognise the size of the biceps in a man’s arm relative to the muscles in his lower arm. It allows her to recognize the breadth of the shoulder which is at a ratio of 1.618 with his stomache, which is at the same ratio with his thighs, which are the same ratio with the width of his knees and ankles.The same ratio also exists in the length of the thighs in comparison to the length of the shin.
Women automatically fixate on a male’s upper body because it is a relatively good representation of a strong, healthy specimen. This ratio of all physical elements of the body are hardwired into a woman’s brain. She doesn’t know it, but it’s how she determines which male is more handsome (and thus, more suitable) than another.

The Male brain fixates on the geometric symmetry in the mid and lower sections of a female's body (breasts to thighs). The determination is automatic.
Symmetry is what allows the male brain to recognise the size of a woman’s buttocks relative to her breasts as a ratio of 1.618 . It allows him to recognize the width of her chest as being the same ratio with her hips with her waist being the complete inverse in ratio with both her breasts and hips. This sends a signal to a man that the woman has a well formed birth canal and has hips perfect for having children.
The same ratio applies to her relative height to his. Even if a woman is short, if the ratios on her body retain adherence to the Golden Ratio of 1.618, she will still be regarded as being symmetrically perfect. This ratio is genetically hardwired into a man’s brain. He doesn’t know it, but it’s how he determines which woman is more sexually appealing than another.
Now I should mention that no person actually goes out with a ruler and a calculator to make these measurements and do the calculations to determine beauty. All of these mathematical and geometric quantities are hard wired into every human’s brain. So we make these recognitions automatically. However, in the case of humans who are considered to be beautiful, measurements were taken by scientists and the magic numeric ratio of 1.618 turned up in all cases.
Where humans were found to be physically imperfect (thus indicating that they are a genetically undesirable host), the ratio disappeared. So beauty is not just the recognition of an appearance. It’s the recognition of the mathematical and geometric quantity of this Golden Ratio of 1.618 that is programmed into our psyche by our DNA.
Misconceptions about Beauty
There are a lot of misconceptions about beauty. Many were propagated by people who are not beautiful, which is not surprising. The human mind is such that it is hard wired to develop the propensity to level the playing field – if only in one’s mind. This function of the mind is the same function that would cause a drowning man to cling to a straw. As such, the following misconceptions were all produced by people who misunderstand beauty and (in most cases) come up with misconceptions that allow them to feel less cheated by nature:
Misconceptions of Cultural Preference

The occurrence of interracial unions prove that beauty isn't culturally defined.
If you are one of those who say that beauty is a function of culture, you would be wrong. If you raise a child of one ethnicity in a community that is predominantly of another, that child is still more likely to choose a genetically average (i.e. beautiful) member of the community as a mate. If that child becomes aware of other humans outside of its community (by way of the media or travel for example) who have a more genetically average appearance than those living in the community in which it was raised, it is naturally going to develop an attraction for a specimen from that group.
This is why people are more likely to become engaged in interracial unions if they live in countries in which the majority of the population is not representative of their own ethnicity. The same principle applies for every race. Therefore, beauty is not in the eye of the beholder. The recognition of beauty is genetically determined. We can recognize a beautiful person even if we lived in a cave for decades and saw only unattractive people our entire lives. This is why some ancient cultures have been documented to worship people from more modern civilizations when they visit for the first time.
With that said, some will argue that each culture may have its own standard of what is perceived to be beautiful. While that is true, it doesn’t mean that members of that culture will necessarily adhere to those standards. Cultural standards were created in a box (so to speak) oblivious to the rest of the world. However, with the advent of the age of mass communication, people break away from those standards all the time. In fact, it has been proven that people who stick to their cultural dictation of beauty are doing so largely because of a psychological fixation on the need to belong which is more important to them than their capacity to recognize beauty in its purest form.
Misconceptions of Race & Cultural Indoctrination

CNN Anchor Soledad O'brien - "I don't think that being beautiful takes away from your credibility". Indeed, it shouldn't.
Some people are of the opinion that beauty is perceived by individuals based on cultural indoctrination. This, they assert, is why women of non-Caucasian descent (particularly women of African descent) are “brain-washed” so to speak by the media to think that white women are more beautiful. This is far from the truth. This assumption is based on an illusion of perception.
Television and other forms of media tend to feature people who are more genetically average in appearance – meaning (again) that they are more attractive. It doesn’t matter whether they are Negro, Caucasian, Asian, Latino or of any other phenotype. The Caucasian women who appear on television and in the media represent that law of average among Caucasians – meaning that the more physically attractive than other Caucasians from the gene pool and are thus more likely to appear on Western television. The same rule applies to women of other phenotypes as well.
However, as television production is more commonplace among Caucasians in the west and in Europe, it is only natural that Caucasians would be more prominently featured. This however doesn’t imply that the media has a predilection for Caucasians nor is it making a statement about the standard of beauty among women being determined by Caucasians. No single race has a monopoly on beauty. We all carry the genetic components to produce that effect. However, depending on our selected mates, we may either promote or prohibit the propagation of such genes in our offspring.
With the advent of globalization and the shrinking of the global village provided by the internet, there has been a notable drift towards the “middle” in the recognition of all races by media entities. They are beginning to recognize more people around the world outside of their own ethnic bubble who are also quite beautiful. On the news networks like CNN for example, news anchor women such as Soledad O’Brien are becoming more commonplace. She is of mixed ethnic descent, having one black and white parent. Again, this is a perfect example of the law of genetic averages playing out on television.
Misconceptions of Selection and Recognition

Beauty influences, but doesn't automatically determine selection as proven by the union between Kate Winslet & Sam Mendes.
Some people argue that beauty does not guarantee selection and is thus a frivolous or inconsequential factor in the selection of a mate or that it represents a failure to recognize beauty’s necessity. This is far from the truth. Selection of a less genetically average phenotype says nothing about nature’s failure to recognize beauty in its purest form. In fact, the distinction must be made that selection and recognition are mutually exclusive. So if someone selects a mate that is not particularly beautiful, it doesn’t mean that they lack the capacity to recognize beauty.
There are a number of factors to consider when evaluating selection. In addition to beauty, there are opportunistic and psychological proponents that affect selection. For example; less attractive people who encounter beautiful people are sometimes intimidated by them and are thus less likely to court and subsequently select one as a mate. So in this case, the function of selection has little to do with genetic recognition, and more to do with a psychological phenomenon called an “inferiority complex“.
In another example, people who have had to deal with the intense competition for the attention of someone who is beautiful, are less likely to select a beautiful person as a mate. People who have been repeatedly hurt psychologically by beautiful people are also less likely to select them as mates. People who simply resent beautiful people just because they are beautiful are also unlikely to select such a person as a mate. These conditions of selection apply to everyone equally.
In each of these cases, all of the people in question can readily recognize beauty. What they do with that recognition however is more a function of psychological or opportunistic circumstance. It doesn’t nullify the necessity of being beautiful and it does not take away from its impact on the selection of a mate. In fact, such claims are hypocritical. For if the very same persons who make this assertion were selected by a beautiful person, the odds that they would turn them away are negligible.
Misconceptions of Shallowness
On the flip side, many beautiful people also have a hard time finding a mate that is suitably mature and genuine – provided that they are willing to look that deep. If they aren’t, then they could be termed as being shallow. This is not usually the case, however. More often than not, it’s largely a function of manageability.
Beautiful people attract so many people that they usually have a lot more work to do with respect to narrowing down the selection in order to pick a mate. Beautiful people attract everyone – including mostly people who have characteristics that are undesirable (which is why some women say “beauty is a curse”). Unattractive people by comparison tend to settle for physical mediocrity, since they don’t get that much attention in the first place.
Now because beautiful people have so many to choose from, it is impractical to give each and every single suitor a chance at love with them. The entire process may take a lifetime. It is therefore more pragmatic to pick out only the most beautiful people from the lot (who will number in the minority most of the times) and then narrow those down for people who fit the qualities they desire. Being beautiful automatically means that one has the best pick of the gene pool. However, this selection process is not necessarily fool-proof since pretty people with poor personalities often get picked first.
This propensity for more efficient mate selection is what unattractive people often perceive as “shallowness“. When beautiful people primarily select other beautiful people, they are not usually conscious of the fact that they are doing it, since the process is automatic. If unattractive people were likewise genetically gifted, their behaviour would be no different.
Misconceptions regarding Wealth, Fame and Talent

TV shows like American Idol™ search for that rare combination of beauty, marketing appeal and talent, like Jordin Sparks.
There are many people who are of the opinion that only the rich are beautiful or only the beautiful become rich. They go on to say that because the world naturally prefers beautiful people, they are more likely to become wealthy or famous. While there is some truth to this perception, it is largely based on a correlation propagated by popular culture and the media. The truth is quite the opposite.
Most of the rich, famous, talented people in the world aren’t beautiful. Most of the beautiful people in the world are neither rich nor famous nor talented. However, because the media primarily highlights people who are beautiful, rich, famous and talented, the rest of the world tends to fallaciously think that beauty, wealth, fame and talent are inextricably linked. Of course, only people who spend too much time in front of the Television are inclined to think in such narrow minded terms. There are several logical explanations for these misconceptions:
When Beauty predicates Wealth
A beautiful person tends to be confident because of the same genetic parameters that graced them with a beautiful face. Confidence propagates boldness and boldness is strongly correlated to wealth. This is because people who are willing to take risks tend to become wealthy. However, not every beautiful person is bold and so this remains just a correlation.
On the flip side however, wealthy people are able to afford the medical treatments that will either create beauty in themselves or enhance their existing aesthetic appeal. Most of the time, famous people who are beautiful are just average looking people (not to be confused with genetic averageness) who can afford the botox, the plastic surgery and all the other medical enhancements to which they subject themselves in order to achieve that deceptively attractive look. Most movie stars are not very attractive at all without their makeup. Therefore the perceived connection between beauty and wealth in this case is largely economic. The rest is artificial, force-fed media propaganda.
When Beauty predicates Fame
Where there are famous people who are also beautiful, it is very likely that their attractiveness played a key role in their fame – but not necessarily. If we omit those who just happen to be wealthy (thus giving them the capacity to afford to artificially induce beauty), then the remainder are most probably famous because they’re beautiful. Most of these people tend to be models or actors. This means that they had to have some talent to backup the pretty face. You tend to need both to become famous at all.
When one is both beautiful and talented, that’s what later leads to becoming wealthy. While talent does not predicate beauty, it does predicate fame. Beauty is rare. Talent is also rare. But people who are both beautiful and talented are rarer still. So whenever such people are discovered, the media wastes no time in pushing them into the limelight – eventually making them rich. You will see this phenomenon quite frequently manifested on American Idol where contenders are judged not only by their ability to sing, but their physical and marketable appeal.
The Role of the Media

The truth is that programs like American Idol (and virtually every other media-scripted “reality” show) employ multi-million dollar marketing companies to scour the demographics in western civilization for people who are both beautiful and talented. Out of the hundreds of hours of footage and thousands of candidates, they trim down a typical episode to feature only the most attractive and talented of the lot. This is what you see on TV – and is thus what leads to the common misconception of a correlation between beauty, fame, wealth and talent.
The primary beneficiaries of this marketing campaign are media and cosmetic industries. This is also why television personalities appear to be largely beautiful people. A substantial portion of television audiences who tune in to a particular program tend to subconsciously do so exclusively because they like seeing pretty people on TV. This in turn, charges up the ratings and thus the price that media companies can charge for an advertisement slot during a given program. Now you know why you see so many ads that promote anti-aging in women during prime time.
Propensities of Pretty People
Everybody who is pretty knows that they are pretty. People who know that they are not also know as much. Knowing makes all the difference and that’s why pretty people tend to behave differently from everyone else. Whether they wallow in the obviousness of their genetic superiority or use it to get their way with the rest, every pretty person knows that they wield insurmountable power over the rest of humanity. With that said, the following propensities tend to be conspicuous among some people who were born beautiful:
The Entourage

HBO's popular drama series "Entourage" captures many of the innate human propensities driven by these social groups.
The Entourage is the quintessential people accessory for many pretty people. An entourage is basically a pretty person’s closest group of friends (an inner circle, if you will). They may themselves be attractive, but are never more attractive than their pretty person. They usually sit around the table like scavengers and feed from the scraps of the kill of their pretty kin. The pretty person in a male entourage is called an Alpha Male. The female equivalent is usually called the Queen Bee. Entourages are more popular among women than men.
The members of an entourage complement their existence with the aura of their pretty monarch who in turn benefits greatly from having the extra hands (and brains) at their disposal. The entourage is nature’s way of evening out the odds for less attractive people who have a harder time fighting for the win on their own. Moral support is always helpful. So in a way, an entourage is a useful, somewhat symbiotic relationship.
The Yo-Yo Friend
A ‘Yo-Yo’ friend is a close confidant of pretty people who is usually an unpretty member of the opposite sex that is incredibly useful. The Yo-Yo friend is usually that geeky guy that a hot girl keeps around to fix her computer when it’s broken. They are also that unattractive fat chick who fawns over the school jock and is more than willing to do his homework while he goes on a date with the aforementioned hot chick.
Basically, yo-yo friends have little or no self respect. They are usually so nice that they don’t even realise that they’re being used. Yo-Yo friends are not usually included in an Entourage because the pretty person has a reputation to uphold (an Entourage usually says something about a pretty person’s status). They will usually accept any explanation for being excluded from the entourage. However, despite this disparity, Yo-Yo friends are fiercely loyal, and will Kamikaze anyone who threatens their pretty person (even if it’s another pretty person). Yo-Yo friends are so labelled because:
Fun Fact: Yo-Yo’s were originally invented as a disposable, yet very effective long range weapon.
The Upgrade

Pretty people have the ability to pick from the best in the gene pool without notable consequence. Thus the temptation to upgrade will often be too strong to resist.
Pretty people naturally prefer other pretty people. But even no matter how much one pretty person is enamoured with another, there is always someone prettier still. While most people will either outgrow this propensity as they get older (falling in love with the who and not the what), pretty people tend to ignore this and go for an “upgrade” whenever possible. Because they’re beautiful, they know they will be forgiven for wanting to upgrade. This behaviour is more common in men than women (since women love with their emotional right brain, unlike men who are more savvy with their logical left).
The most famous example of this propensity is the recent ditching of F.R.I.E.N.D.S star, the lovely Jennifer Aniston for the sultry Tomb Raider femme fatale, Angelina Jolie by A-list movie star Brad Pitt. Most men would categorically agree that Angelina Jolie represents absolute genetic perfection among brunettes – so much so that she trumps most blondes and other multi-ethic acolytes.
Gene scientists were actually very excited to see what the children of Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston would look like. However, as insensitive as it sounds, when news first hit that he’d “upgraded” to the ultimate brunette, they almost wet their pants with blissful euphoria. The genetic implications of their offspring are staggering.
Upgrading is immature and childish – not to mention a grotesquely selfish abuse of human emotion. However it’s a powerful genetic unction that is tough to resist. Now while I can never assert what the full back story behind the Brangelina phenomenon could be, I can only feel bad for all the Jennifer Anistons in the world. It’s hard cold proof that nature is a bitch that has time and again shown preference for functional perfection over all else.
The Snob Complex
It is a commonly well known fact that many beautiful people never develop cognitively beyond the age of 14 (in the case of men) and 16 (in the case of women) respectively, regardless of their level of education. This was the point of the popular television program Beauty and the Geek and similar Ashton Kutcher offerings. With that said, this explains the often rotten behaviour of people who were born pretty (like Jennifer Lopez).
Because they have such a powerful effect on people, many pretty people never usually have to work on being more mature. This is one of the reasons why pretty people often abuse their friendships. It’s not because they’re evil people. It’s largely because many of them have life so easy, they genuinely don’t know any better. Some of them behave that way out of frustration from having drawn the attention of so many people. They genuinely don’t know how to handle the fame. This is why many celebrities hire publicists to do that job for them.
The Ditz Conjecture

Tara Reid: "I make Jessica Simpson look like a rock scientist" ...ORLY?
Pretty people are sometimes hopelessly clueless about their world for all the same reasons they develop snobbish propensities: They’re beautiful – and it’s so intoxicating that they rarely focus on anything else. So they become a lot like grown children stuck in adult’s bodies. Some pretty people use this cluelessness to assert that they “have people” (see “Entourage” above) to figure that out for them. This is called the Ditz Conjecture, because it is a way for people to assert their beauty as the only thing they really need to justify their existence. The problem with this conjecture is that everybody gets old. If you knew what happened to Tara Reid recently, then the rest is self explanatory.
Conclusively;
Not all pretty people like Entourages, keep a Yo-Yo friend, upgrade their lover, act snobbish or make Ditz Conjectures. In fact, unless you were born in the cradle of the most decadent societies on earth, it is highly improbable that as a pretty person, you would be inclined to manifest any of these unpleasant propensities. Thankfully, most of the pretty people in the world are just as beautiful on the inside as they are on the outside. It’s just that those pretty people are often drowned out by the noise being made by pretty people with bad attitudes on MTV.
Life is made up of two components:
- Genetics
- Environments
A pretty person who is raised in an environment that heavily values sobriety, responsibility, education and selflessness will become someone that is genuinely loved by everyone for all the reasons humans have the capacity to love anyone. Pretty people who are not born in such environments often underestimate the value of their beauty and instead use it for just its surface value – thus grossly underestimating their (and everyone else’s) worth. Thankfully, there are more beautiful people out there in the former than the latter category. I know this because many of them are my friends.
I will admit however, that I have met my fair share of beautiful people with ugly interiors. It is that experience that has led me to realise that less attractive people have beautiful personalities because of their aesthetic deficit. They have to make up for this genetic deficiency by being easily liked. As such ugly people are really God’s abstract art pieces. So the next time you meet someone, spend less time looking into their face and more time looking into their soul. It’s amazing the bevy of surprises you may find.





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February 5, 2009 at 5:35 pm
Stewart
As usual xeno your posts are well thought out and well researched. I think you however did leave out one thing in your post. The way you speak lends to the belief that everybody finds the same thigns beautiful. I say this is not so because of how daily people are drawn to certain parts of the anatomy instead of the person as a whole.
For example, some men find large breasts wonderful (of course most of these people also fall out of the golden ratio) and will marry a large breasted girl just because he enjoys them so much. Some men prefer small breasts and will see a woman with large breasts or anything over a B cup as not enticing and ugly. The same goes for long hair vs short hair, multiple piercings, tattoos etc.
How do you account for the fact that some men will be attracted to certain things and easily overlook the standard definition of beauty for them?
February 6, 2009 at 11:28 am
xenlogic
Culture.
Cultures are basically the psychological equivalent of a race. Each culture has a standard of beauty that is determined by the collective average of all personalities contained within it. Cultural immersion can affect preference. This also means that if someone is transplanted from one culture to another, their preference can likewise change.
However, this doesn’t mean that someone raised in one culture won’t develop a preference for someone raised in another for all the reasons I mentioned earlier.
February 6, 2009 at 4:34 pm
maxhersey
Hi xeno. I was surfing random blogs and stumbled upon yours. I found the translator on your sidebar to be a great tool. I too cater to a multilingual crowd and was at first going to ask where you got it. I am bilingual and thought I might take a look at the german translation. I believe it was done by Google and it is absolutely terrible. It not only butchers your interesting content, it nullifies all of your superb writing. If someone were truly interested in what you had to say, and this person could not read english, they would be completely disinterested upon reading your blog in german. I assume this is true for all of the other languages as well. I would advise, unless the translator serves purely as a gag to appear international, that you pay for professional translations. Besides that, your content is great, as is your writing. keep it up!
February 6, 2009 at 6:17 pm
xenlogic
Your point is well taken. To be honest, I really wanted to appeal to a wider audience. I should have learned by this that one-click automation for most human qualities is still science fiction. I shall remove the translation post haste (or at least, seek another source). Thanks for the comment. I really appreciate it.
February 7, 2009 at 11:42 am
Alamanach
“The human genotype has over 30,000-factorial possible phenotypic permutations. That number is equivalent to 30,000 x 29,999 x 29,998 x …… 3 x 2 x 1. That’s how many possible variations of the human genotype can be produced from our DNA. Don’t try to work that out on your calculator. It will simply overload. In fact, that number is too large to be represented inside any computing machine that exists today without using cloud-based or serially attached computing cluster farms (like those used to build the super computers that predict the weather).”
You are confusing genotype and phenotype. Your first sentence in this paragraph should read: “The human genome has over 30,000-factorial possible genotypic permutations.” Phenotypes are the physical features that actually result from a particular set of genes. The genes themselves represent a genotype.
This is not a trivial distinction. Your phenotype is not determined strictly by your genes. This has been proven with animal clones that look and behave somewhat differently from their original. The genotype is identical, yet the phenotypes vary.
“The original “race” of human beings had every DNA switch turned on. However, as groups migrated, some of these switches were “turned off”, largely by interbreeding in particular environments. The DNA “switches” that did not maximize chances of survival in particular environments were “turned off” after several generations. So each race represents a DNA permutation in which some switches have been turned off. The more switches are turned off, the more “hyper specific” the genetic representation of the appearance of a person in that race. When it comes to beauty, hyper specificity is bad. The more hyper specific a phenotype, the fewer “switches” are turned on, and thus, the less attractive that person appears to be.”
I don’t know what you are talking about here. DNA is assembled from base pairs of the nucleotides adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. A sequence of three base pairs form something we call a codon, and there are enough possible codons to code for each of the amino acids present in all the proteins of our body. A protein is simply a linear string of amino acids, and intramolecular forces cause the string to spontaneously fold into a stable structure. Thus, a string of codons– a strand of double-helix DNA– codes for a particular protein. It’s true that a particular stretch of DNA can be turned “off,” but that merely means that the cell won’t be producing that particular protein. It is also true that some 90% of DNA is junk; meaningless spare parts that code for nothing. You wouldn’t want them turned on.
DNA only codes for proteins, which is odd, because the body is made of four basic chemical types: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. What codes for all the other stuff? And for that matter, how do the totipotent cells of an embryo organize their selective specialization? It is not at all clear how DNA could govern this process, and there is reason to think there are other phenomena at play. We don’t yet know what those processes are.
Anyway, getting back to phenotypes– I think you underestimate the role that the environment can play. There are a finite number of possible genotypes, because DNA is finite in length. (30,000! is large, but still finite.) You seem to speak of DNA as though you believe there are 30,000! possible different people. Clones demonstrate that this simply isn’t true. I would suggest to you that DNA might be more like the equation that generates a fractal, and the environment is the arbitrary number entered on the first iteration. We may have a mere 30,000! equations, but each one is unlimited in the variety of results it can produce. Just a thought.
Moving on– there are plenty of people with strong racial features who are beautiful. (If you must have examples, consider Gwenyth Paltrow, Lucy Liu, and Alek Wek. ) I would suggest that the prominence enjoyed by racially muted people has less to do with absolute beauty and more to do with versatility. Soledad O’Brien’s looks helped her get a job probably because producers figured she’d look mainstream to the broadest possible audience.
You say that 1.618 is hard-wired into our brains, though you don’t discuss why or how. (I agree with you on this point, in fact a paper I wrote on the topic became required reading in a handful of college courses.) If I may make a suggestion, you ought to investigate that number further to understand why it shows up where it does. That could be a blog post all by itself.
February 7, 2009 at 8:21 pm
xenlogic
Mater Al,
As you know, your profoundly in-depth analysis is always welcome, but you will forgive me if I must do the following:
Actually I’m not. Your definition is spot on and I did use the terms correctly. While a genotypic permutation is effectively a phenotype, I wanted to convey two things in one sentence without getting knee deep into the biology for most people who could care less. The article is already pretty long and I didn’t want to spend too much time writing a genetics 101 paper when I was gearing more towards a social commentary.
While it is tempting to wax scientific about the functional structure of DNA, I deliberately stayed away from the ultra-deep end of the science to make the article more accessible. You and I follow what you’re saying quite well, but I didn’t want to alienate other prospective readers who don’t know the science as deeply as you and I.
I was aiming more for readability and general comprehension. Science has a nasty way of seeming unnecessarily complex to the lay man. This is why I try to tone down on the geek speak and tune up the lay-speak to reach a wider reading audience.
See above.
Actually, I didn’t (see above). Furthermore, I did clarify that:
…and I also said that:
…which covers the point you were making. Again, I don’t want to get too deep into the science.
Again, I know EXACTLY what you mean (and that’s actually a pretty brilliant way to word it) but I’m afraid this level of depth would be lost on my target audience. Most of the women who I know read this stuff are weak at mathematics and by extension, have absolutely NO idea what a fractal is. The gist, I’ve discovered, is fine enough for them.
I’m trying to take rocket science and make it Fischer-Price… know what I mean?
True, but you’re forgetting two things:
1. Those people still number in the minority of all beautiful people.
2. They are still not as beautiful as the people who have comparatively less defined racial features.
Compare Lucy Liu to Rena Tanaka of Japan and you’ll see what I mean. Both are obviously Asian, but Rena Tanaka is distinctively less so. Also, compare any other Bollywood actress to Priyanka Chopra and note the differences. Chopra is a super model + actress. The others would never be quite as successful.
Genetic versatility? Kindly clarify.
Again, I deliberately stayed away from the deep-science because it turns away lay readers. In fact, you alluded to this yourself:
…and I concur doctor.
I don’t want to make the same mistake I did with the Atheist post (which is being revised, btw).
February 8, 2009 at 8:39 pm
Alamanach
“Genetic versatility? Kindly clarify.”
No, show business versatility. A person who looks like Soledad O’Brien is useful for reading the news and stuff to a large audience because looks like hers basically take race out of the equation. She can be everything to everybody.
“I was aiming more for readability and general comprehension. Science has a nasty way of seeming unnecessarily complex to the lay man. This is why I try to tone down on the geek speak and tune up the lay-speak to reach a wider reading audience.”
Fair enough. Fortunately, you don’t need to tone anything down for me. Will you please explain what you mean when you say
“DNA (Dioxyribo-Nucleic Acid) is a binary system of switches, which represent an instruction set for producing life. “Flipping” several of these switches on or off in particular sequences produces various genetic permutations – very much like how computer programs only differ by various permutations of ones and zeroes.”
and
“The more switches are turned off, the more “hyper specific” the genetic representation of the appearance of a person in that race.”
I’m trying to figure out what that would translate into in technical language, but I don’t know what processes you are referring to.
February 8, 2009 at 10:56 pm
xenlogic
Is that because you find “racially muted” people less attractive than those which are more ethnically conspicuous or is it just Soledad?
Ok. When groups of humans migrated out of Africa, they carried an assortment of genetic markers that would produce various phenotypes. There was no homogenous genotypic permutation within each group. The genetic markers that were most common among each group which predicated the best chance of survival in their chosen environments for settlement were passed down repeatedly to each successive generation of offspring.
The other markers that were manifested in specific phenotypes in those groups that were not passed down, lost representation in those groups for two very good reasons:
1. The genetic markers of those people were too few in that specific group to have made any lasting, distinctive impact on the group.
2. Those people were not of a phenotype that could withstand the environment. So they either died young or moved away. This is also known as “survival of the Fittest“.
Over a period of about three generations (about one century), a specific DNA pattern will have started to emerge in each settled group. That DNA pattern represents a very specific set of genotypic permutations where some markers are distinctively active while others are recessive. This is why I simplified the idea in one sentence by using the word “switches”. Over 70 millennia, these genetic patterns became more and more distinctive, meaning fewer DNA markers would become active and more would become recessive. It is these genetic patterns that we collectively refer to today as “races”.
That’s the process to which I was referring.
February 9, 2009 at 8:10 am
Alamanach
So you are arguing that there is a supremely beautiful neutral race from which all humanity is sprung. Do honkies like me still carry the latent genes for such a race?
February 9, 2009 at 6:29 pm
xenlogic
Oh Absolutely! If you don’t have these characteristics, it simply means that those genetic markers are recessive in your dna lineage.
Talent is not indigenous to any race. Neither is proclivity for advanced scientific discovery. All of these genetic markers exist in every race. All that happened is that with group migration, some groups had more individuals in them who carried active “talent” genetic markers, while others carried more members with active “smarts” genetic markers.
Over 3 generations of interbreeding in those groups, those markers became ubiquitous in all third generation offspring in each group. Thousands of years later, we correlate talent with black folks, smarts with white folks, artistic finesse with asian folks and so on. But if the migration patterns were any different, then the arrangement of these qualities could have correlated in other ways.
In the beginning, the original group of humans carried all of these markers in high abundance. If you believe the Bible stories of the early peoples living for centuries, then this unity of genetic substance could be a possible scientific explanation, in conjunction with the the “unspoiled purity” of the environment at that time.
February 9, 2009 at 10:29 pm
Alamanach
“If you don’t have these characteristics, it simply means that those genetic markers are recessive in your dna lineage… Over 3 generations of interbreeding in those groups, those markers became ubiquitous in all third generation offspring in each group.”
Then what are we to make of the whites in southern Africa? That population migrated there about a dozen generations ago. Shouldn’t this new environment have drawn out some recessive traits by now?
February 9, 2009 at 10:34 pm
xenlogic
Yes – and there have been. Have you ever heard of Harold van Buuren? Dutch descendant mixed with African lineage on his mother’s side. He’s a very nice mix of white & black. Brilliant dancer / choreographer. Talented out the wazoo.
February 10, 2009 at 1:09 am
Stewart
“Oh Absolutely! If you don’t have these characteristics, it simply means that those genetic markers are recessive in your dna lineage.”
Yay so i’m beautiful on the inside… just need to flip those switches on!
…
I do understand what you mean about culture… But to be honest I cant see how that would explain all the things that people find beautiful. For example, in our modern day culture, what would a man find attractive about a woman with a hairy chest and hairy armpits etc… things that would make other men puke. For culture to be the main determinant would have to mean that culture teaches us to like certain things.
What I am speaking about is those things that culture doesnt teach us…. culture would dictate that beauty is only seen through all people spoken about above. Its not always through cultural immersion that attractiveness grows, i’m sure somewhere in the world there is a teen in his bed masturbating to the thought of having a woman with some disfigured feature…. Or am I mixing up beauty with sexual attraction?
@AL do you have a link to where I can read that paper on the golden ratio?
February 10, 2009 at 1:28 am
Alamanach
I haven’t heard of him, but you describe him as being of mixed lineage. That’s not what I’m talking about. I’m asking why people there of purely white lineage haven’t drifted over the generations to something more suitable to their non-European environment. From what you are saying about recessive traits and genes being turned off, we should see that happening.
February 11, 2009 at 3:56 am
xenlogic
Actually, our preference for clean shaven women runs much deeper than that.
Cognitive psychologists portend that our attraction to clean shaven women (arms, groin, legs) is a product of the same cognitive evolutionary processes that produced the increasing propensity for preferring the “missionary” sexual position (because humans now stand up straight) over the “doggie-style” position (preferred by our ancient hunched over ancestors). As we evolved and began to stand up straight, we also started to shed the amount of hair we had on our bodies, and thus our natural inclination towards females of a less hairy disposition.
But check this out:
A study conducted recently showed that black women around the world for the most part, prefer their men with a moustache and beard – but neatly groomed. Women from fairer ethnic groups on the other hand have a preference for men who are clean shaven (meaning no facial hair at all) – with the exception of women in the middle east.
Interestingly enough, black women who were raised in western, and northern European cultures are very much partial to men who are clean shaven – even if they still exhibited a strong preference for black men. African black women however still had a strong preference for men with facial hair – irrespective of race.
Since our dna still produces hair in copious amounts around the body, (yet another genetic trait rendered obsolete by our cognitive evolution) preference for or against hair on the body is still very much culturally influenced. The genetic markers that influence preference for something such as hair have long gone dormant. With the exception of hair on the head and face, we no longer produce enough hair on our bodies to be of any particularly helpful use.
If I’m understanding you correctly (which I probably am not – please correct me if I read you wrong), then the markers won’t turn off if they’re still only mingling with the same white descendants from Europe. They would have to intermingle with the ethnic groups in Africa to make any influence on the markers that go active or recessive.
February 13, 2009 at 5:44 am
Alamanach
Then how did the races diversify in the first place?
February 13, 2009 at 9:44 pm
xenlogic
That was already answered in an earlier comment.
February 14, 2009 at 1:06 am
Alamanach
Stewart– sorry, I neglected to address your question. I don’t have an electronic copy of that paper; it was written back when people used something called “floppy disks” for data storage. (They could hold 1.44MB of data, which we though was a lot.) The electronic version was lost a long time ago. I do have hard copies, but they are on a different continent right now.
Xen– in that earlier comment, you said:
“Over a period of about three generations (about one century), a specific DNA pattern will have started to emerge in each settled group. That DNA pattern represents a very specific set of genotypic permutations where some markers are distinctively active while others are recessive.”
If that’s the case, then why do white Africans need to mingle with other races?
February 14, 2009 at 9:15 pm
xenlogic
They don’t.
Wikipedia has an extensive write up on it.
February 14, 2009 at 9:53 pm
Alamanach
Xen: “If you don’t have these characteristics, it simply means that those genetic markers are recessive in your dna lineage… Over 3 generations of interbreeding in those groups, those markers became ubiquitous in all third generation offspring in each group.”
Al: “Then what are we to make of the whites in southern Africa? That population migrated there about a dozen generations ago. Shouldn’t this new environment have drawn out some recessive traits by now?”
Xen: “They would have to intermingle with the ethnic groups in Africa to make any influence on the markers that go active or recessive.”
Al: “…why do white Africans need to mingle with other races?”
Xen: “They don’t.”
Are you contradicting yourself or am I just slow on the uptake this morning? I can’t make any sense of what you are saying. First people don’t need to intermingle for racial characteristics to change, then they do, and then back again.
February 15, 2009 at 3:26 pm
xenlogic
The races don’t need to comingle. The question intrinsically insinutes that it is required for all races to do so. Adding context to the question helps to avoid the confusion.
If however there is a desire to activate the recessive genetic characteristics, then interracial DNA crossing is the only way to do it. This will produce a whole new race and ultimately replace the whites and blacks in South Africa.
Look at Latinos for example. They are the 18th Generation descendants of the original inhabitants of Central and South America (i.e. Incas, Arawaks, Caribs, Mayas) and Spanish Caucasians. Today, there are no remaning Arawaks, Incas, Mayas, etc. Those that weren’t killed off or wiped out from Influenza were subsumed into several centuries worth of interracial breeding, producing today’s Latinos.
If it weren’t for Apartheid, there wouldn’t still be any Blacks and Whites in South Africa. There would be a whole new race altogether – with all of the recessive genetic markers in both black and white folks activated in their offspring. Any whites or blacks that would remain would be recent immigrants to that location.
February 16, 2009 at 7:27 pm
Stewart
Al – I’m not that young lol. I know what a floppy disk is lol, I have lost tons of data from my 1st to 5th form (grade 7 – 11) life lol.
Xen – I read the wikipedia entry but I was hoping that al’s article might have delved a little deeper.
February 18, 2009 at 5:10 am
Dave
Ok so me being one of the slow layman readers on this topic, is trying to understand this scientific stuff. I must admit that even as much as you simplified the stuff, some of it flew over my head. So please forgive me, if you have already addressed my questions in your blog… or in any of your statements……
My layman understanding of what you are saying is that…The human race started in Africa with just one race right???
I am not sure who or what group came up with this theory but what kind of evidence did this person or group supply to draw a conclusion that there was only 1 race??
Secondly…If there was only one race and some migrated north while the others stayed in Africa….who did they intermingle with to ultimately become white/black/asian etc??? If we were all one race and we intermingled and have decendants…shouldnt that one race still exist now???
In other words, what exactly was it that eventually made the white man white, the black man black and asian man asian??? If it is some latent genes that are switched off while others are switched on, what made them switch on and off in the first place when they supposedly first migrated from Africa???
If its the location/climate of the place where we live that cause our genes to switch on and off, then why is it that the white australians who are there for years, still white…As well as the white people in Africa???
Also, is it possible for a black man’s far future decendants who live in the northern most countries that are very cold, to eventually become white, if there is no intermingling with other races?? OR for a Chinese distant future decendant to eventually become black, without intermingling with a black person while living in Zimbabwe???
February 18, 2009 at 5:49 pm
xenlogic
Hi Dave,
Over 17 years of research by the Human Genome Project published an article in the Scientific American (July, 2008) which showed the path of Y-chromosomes from long dead ancestry of humans, all originated from Africa, with the first migration happening some 70,000 years ago. Even before the article was published, scientists generally agreed that the dark continent was the cradle of humanity. The oldest humanoid remains were found there.
The concept that all humanity originated from one race is not hard to prove. Mathematically, every multiplicity comes from a singularity. What we observe today as races are just mathematical permutations of some of the possible ways our DNA can be represented. You can observe the same phenomenon in what we call “sub-species” of animals.
For example, butterflies of various size and colours would be the equivalent of our human races. But they all came from one original set of butterflies, which looked very different from the ones we have today. It’s the same thing with virtually every other animal in the biosphere. Our DNA represents a vast number of ways in which life can be expressed. After thousand of years of migration, interbreeding and environments affect the permutations that originate.
Most of those who migrated north carried the genetic markers that would be more likely to produce fairer complexions. Those who migrated with them that didn’t carry those markers could not survive the colder environments and so died out, leaving only the ones that carried the markers that produce the Caucasian appearance.
After 100 years of interbreeding with each other, the most common set of genetic markers that remained in the migrating group of survivors became ubiquitous in the entire group. Since people who have fairer complexions have a better survivability rate in the north, natural selection and group dynamics produced the white race.
Those who remained behind in Africa carried the markers that produced the black race. Again, over hundreds of years of interbreeding, only the people who carried the markers that would allow them to survive near the equator would have their DNA passed down. The others either moved away to cooler climates or died out.
Over thousands of years, this process is repeated all over the globe, producing the various dna permutations that we call “race” today.
No. Group migration happened neither unanimously nor simultaneously. Groups migrated for different reasons, from climate change to conflict. In the original group of humans that existed in Africa, various factors affected who moved and why. The last migration took place at around the last Ice Age. That final migration is what many scientists believe created the Asian (Mongoloid) race.
The remainder from all that migration is what produced the black race. All original inhabitants who occupied Africa that carried dna markers that produced fair skin had left Africa. The only time the remainder in Africa were ever moved from the African continent was by force – and we know how that story ends.
I think this topic needs a blog post all unto itself.
Scientists collectively agree that the ice age is what caused most of the migration. The rest was caused by conflict between tribes. The markers that produced “asian” and “caucasian” appearances are all the product of a phenomenon called “survival of the fittest”.
Simply put, even when people who were darker in complexion migrated north with the people who carried markers that produced fairer complexion, they couldn’t withstand the cold as well, and so they died out, leaving only the fairer skinned survivors to continue procreation. This is what eventually produced white people, asian people and all flavours in between.
They haven’t been there that long. White people have only been in Australia for a couple hundred years. Same for white folks in Africa. It takes several millennia for the DNA sequence to start to change permanently – along with climate change.
No, they won’t become white – but extremely fair skinned. This effect is actually more readily noticable in black folks who carry enough of the dna markers that produce fair skin. You can see the same effect in white people living in the Caribbean for decades. They are noticably darker in complexion (golden brown) than their northern counterparts. But this is the product of the environment on their skin – not their dna.
You are aware however, that it is the presence of a chemical called melanin that produces darker or fairer complexions, right? The dna markers to which I refer have to be there to “activate” keratin production. So if those markers aren’t there, it doesn’t matter how long those black or white people stay in environments unsuitable to their dna. They will still look white or black – just a little more or less so. They have to intermingle to produce any real genetic difference in their offspring.
- Same answer as above. They will be darker in complexion over the years from the increased sunlight, but definitely not black – not without intermingling.
February 18, 2009 at 7:28 pm
Stewart Panton
Also an important point to add to that is that the conditions which were necessary to create any form of genetic change no longer exist… These people were living in the wild with the elements and very little shelter and so had to evolve in order to survive, a part of that evolution is the:
Wider noses to inhale more oxygen in the heat of africa (hot air is always thinner), and dark skin to protect against the heat of the sun – Negroid
Narrower noses to inhale less cold air into the body (too much can lower body temperatures, making somebody get sick) and white skin to protect against the cold. – Caucasoid
More neutral noses and Yellowish/Brownish skin colour so as to survive the extreme changes in heat and cold that exists in areas like india and china – Mongoloid
(or am I wrong?)
Question
We would therefore never be able to attain the looks of the original race (correct) or is it that… the original race is in fact black… or something close (I would think) seeing as we all originated from Africa
February 19, 2009 at 6:31 am
xenlogic
You’re spot on Stewy.
If all races were to intermingle and eliminate all existing known races, we would create a very close approximation to what the original race looked like. They wouldn’t be black because of our origin in Africa. That’s just presumptuous thinking. You have to recall that 70,000 years ago, the climate was significantly different than it is now. It was much milder and the extremes weren’t so extensive.
February 19, 2009 at 9:51 am
Alamanach
“You are aware however, that it is the presence of a chemical called keratin that produces darker or fairer complexions, right?”
You mean melanin. Keratin is the stuff of fingernails and insect exoskeletons.
The rest of this isn’t making any sense. First we need 3 generations for racial diversity to show up, then we need 70,000 years. Meanwhile the coloureds in South Africa should be “a whole new race altogether – with all of the recessive genetic markers in both black and white folks activated in their offspring.” I am unpersuaded that they fit this description.
This whole thing started as a theory of beauty, your idea being that the most racially neutral people tend to be the most beautiful. I remain unconvinced that this is the case, and I have a sneaking suspicion that you misunderstand the genetics involved: “The dna markers to which I refer have to be there to “activate” keratin production. So if those markers aren’t there, it doesn’t matter how long those black or white people stay in environments unsuitable to their dna.” There is no such thing as a marker that isn’t there. The entire point of a genetic marker is that we know where it is: http://www.utexas.edu/courses/gene/L25.htm.
February 19, 2009 at 1:23 pm
unknown
there ARE arawaks on a tiny caribbean island called dominica (not the dominican republic)
February 19, 2009 at 1:36 pm
unknown
i doubt that the environment had any effect on gene expression ( i know that this goes against commonly accepted science), but it seems more likely that people chose these things. that the gene to create light skin or blue eyes or straight hair was probably a rare thing and thus judged desirable. the differences were probably not as stark as they are now. but very noticeable to a homogenius community. if these traits were sought out again and again and then these groups segregated themselves from the rest of the community, or were driven out (eg in the caribbean non-blacks usually choose other non-blacks as mates) you would have a new “race” kind of like breeding dogs from wolves
February 20, 2009 at 4:58 am
xenlogic
Sir Al,
Thanks. Fixed. I do admit I get the names confused at times. Good looking out.
No, I think you’re getting confused. Migration started 70,000 years ago. Diversity needs 3 generations. The two ideas are mutually exclusive.
As you should be. Either I wasn’t clear enough or you were skimming over what I said (again). Let me make this short and sweet:
I said (in short) that if there are still coloureds in South Africa, then it means no interracial unions had occurred and thus there is no new race with the newly activated genetic markers from both groups. I also said that you can blame Apartheid for that.
I know that. If you were following the conversation, you’d have read where Dave said:
…which is exactly why I said:
With that said, I know that all markers do exist. I already insinuated as much in an earlier comment:
But I still have to use language that lay people can follow right away, since even that gross oversimplification still flew over Dave’s head. Once they grasp the most basic idea, it becomes easier to layer on a more complex one. Remember when you asked:
It insinuated that you understood what I was saying and where I was going. I have a sneaking suspicion you’re just playing Devil’s Advocate, and are having a great deal of fun with it.
Anyway, I welcome it. It’s a nice way of keeping me on my toes.
February 20, 2009 at 6:15 am
xenlogic
There are Arawaks in Jamaica too, as well as in Haiti and Guyana where their population is more distinct. However, they are (for the most part) a lost tribe of Taino descendants who have multi-ethnic parentage – usually with black and caucasian mixes. Most of the genetic diversity that represented the original Arawaks is forever lost.
The closest genetic approximation of the Arawaks that still exists today are the Native American Indians. They are descendants of the East Asian mongoloids that crossed the Bering strait during the last ice age. They are the same people who came south through America laying the grounds for the Missisauguan Indians (Canada) the Apaché Indians (North America), the Aztecs (Mexico), the Mayans and Incas (Colombia), the Caribs (the lesser antilles), and the Arawaks (Guyana, Dominica, Puerto Rico, Jamaica).
Can you see the pattern of migration here? It moves north-east, from China, east from Russia, across the Bering Strait, into Canada, south into the USA, South into Mexico, South through Colombia, east into Guyana, moving east into the Caribbean.
According to the genetic map of y-chromosome migration produced by the Human Genome project, it is the same DNA markers that produced all of these Amerindian tribes. You can find these markers in some of today’s Latinos and Native North American Indians.
Y’know what? I think I’m going to scan that article’s Y-Chromosome map put it up here in a post. I think it’ll explain all of this a lot better than typing it out.
You don’t have to doubt. This effect happens everyday. The people who live in the far north are fairer, and thrive in the cold. The people who live closer to the equator are darker and thrive in the heat.
Not necessarily. The reason why there appears to be greater diversity in the appearance of northern dwellers is simply because most of the population of the world was produced by the (larger) group of migrants out of Africa. This logically means that they carried out of Africa a much larger set of base chromosomes which would naturally produce a much greater diversity in appearance.
In layman’s terms:
Let’s say that in the beginning, there were 10 people in Africa. 8 of them migrated. This large majority carried 80% of the genetic material that would produce 80% of the possible dna representations in humans. This includes everything from kinky to straight hair, darker to fairer skin, dark brown eyes to green eyes, black, red, brown and blonde hair, and every permutation in between.
The two people who remained in Africa only carried the markers that produce 20% of the possible permutations of appearance in humans. With the large majority of the world’s population already moving north, and out of the dark continent, the remainder only carried the characteristics that produced what we know today as the Negro race. They remained in Africa, because their DNA permutations allowed them to prefer a warmer, harsher climate.
I find it fascinating the number of misconceptions that some black folks have about where white people came from. It’s really not hard to understand when you grasp the vast capacity for diversity in human DNA. I think I’m convinced that a whole new post needs to be done on this subject.
Fun Fact:
Scientists at the Human Genome Project recently discovered DNA markers that produced blue skin, hairless skin, glowing skin, blue eyes and red eyes in lab mice. We don’t see these permutations around anywhere on the earth, because there are no environmental conditions that would force them to the top.
Alamanach summed this up quite nicely when he said:
…which is a very Calculus way of saying that our DNA is quite literally on auto-detect. It is an equation with a unimaginably monstrous number of possible arrangements (possibly infinite) that produces a specific result given specific environmental factors.
Fun Fact:
Microbes have been recently discovered living inside volcanic rock. Can you imagine that? Life inside an active volcano? Never underestimate the power of DNA my friend.
February 20, 2009 at 10:58 am
Alamanach
“I said (in short) that if there are still coloureds in South Africa, then it means no interracial unions had occurred and thus there is no new race with the newly activated genetic markers from both groups.”
“Cloured” in South Africa is another word for mulatto– these are people who are the result of interracial unions. In fact, that is their defining characteristic. They are not to be confused with the blacks, or with the Bushmen (Neither of whom should be confused with the other. It gets complicated down there.)
I’d still like to know why we haven’t seen whites turn into something else during the 7+ generations they’ve been in SA. If they need to mix with other races to trigger such a change, then how did such changes ever happen in the first place, when humanity was of just one race? You’ve talked about “markers” (as you keep calling them– can you please dumb things down a little more carefully?) getting turned off, but it seems to me that’s just a muddying of the distinction between adaptation and evolution– two other things that ought not be confused with each other.
“I have a sneaking suspicion you’re just playing Devil’s Advocate, and are having a great deal of fun with it.”
Devil’s Advocate? Not quite, because I do actually think you’re wrong about some things. But yes, arguing with you is a lot of fun.
February 21, 2009 at 2:15 pm
xenlogic
I always thought the use of the world “Coloured” collectively referred to Black People. Hmm… I need to look that up.
Ahhh. I finally understand the question you’ve been trying to ask.
(You should’ve worded it this way in the beginning).
Whites, Blacks, Asians and Indians each represent one of the hyper specific representations of DNA. When I say “hyper specific”, I mean that specific representation has considerably fewer possible permutations than the original “race” of humans.
So it doesn’t matter how many groups splinter off from white groups, they will always be white or a very close variation of it. There won’t be much difference in that variation. To see a vast change in that variation, there has to be a recombination with one of the original groups.
Using the allegory I made earlier of the 8 people who left Africa, let’s say that only 6 of those people represent the DNA markers that produce all of the variations of Caucasians. Two of those people moved North-West to populate Europe. Their variations included red, brown and blonde-haired people with brown, blue and green eyes. Some of these people Hitler referred to as Aryans.
Two moved East-North-East to populate Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Israel, Turkey and surrounding areas. These people became the modern day Arabs, Jews and all the descendants in between. The last two moved and settled in India, producing the Indian race.
The other two people moved far east and produced the Asian race (which technically speaking, is not an original race, but a hyper specification of the original Caucasian dna). Their descendants crossed the Bering Strait, and produced the Eskimos, the North American Indians and the Amerindians in the Caribbean.
See how that works?
As the groups migrated further and further away from Africa, more and more people settled in communities along the way, leaving fewer and fewer people in each migratory group, leaving less room for more permutations of DNA in each migratory group, which produced fewer and fewer variations as they went along. This is why the DNA patterns in existing races today have not changed in over 20,000 years. We’ve basically plateaued as far as the planet will allow.
I’ve said repeatedly before that my use of the word “Switches” is a deliberate gross over simplification of those two ideas. If I got that deep into the science, I’m pretty sure people would have been turned away.
I think you’re nitpicking at this point. Alas, I’m repeating myself.
February 21, 2009 at 4:23 pm
LoneWolf
I’m interested to see what you’ll say in your revised version of the atheist post.
From reading most of your recent posts you give the impression that you accept the theory of evolution. At other times even before you opened up this blog you gave the impression that evolution was not a scientifically sound theory.
I could say the same about topics relating to God or divinity. At times it comes across in your writings that you subscribe to the idea of God in the typical sense of the word. At other times it appears that your views are that God is not a “conscious” entity. So which one is it? Is God a conscious calculating entity or is He/It just light or energy which all matter emanates from?
I guess its hard to give a straight answer since you just can’t really know for sure.
February 21, 2009 at 7:01 pm
Alamanach
“The other two people moved far east and produced the Asian race (which technically speaking, is not an original race, but a hyper specification of the original Caucasian dna). ”
That race is called Mongoloid. They are characterized by, among other things, epicathic folds on their eyelids. Other races don’t have this, and it is not a recessive trait. Where did it come from? It cannot be, as you say, that Mongoloids are merely a hyper-specified type of caucasian. Caucasians don’t possess this feature at all. It appears to be something that came about via mutation, which is different from adaptation, and which hardly amounts to nit-picking; if the races represent evolution rather than adaptation, then your whole theory falls apart.
“Coloured” is a South African term for a mulatto.
“Colored” is a disused American term for a black.
February 21, 2009 at 9:12 pm
xenlogic
Your timing on this comment is curiously impeccable. It is now live – but I only posted it like a couple of minutes ago. How did you…? Nevermind.
It pains me to resist the temptation to answer this comment at length here – but I must (for the sake of continuity). So I will give you a nice short answer and ask you to continue this in that post.
I don’t believe in the idea of a God with a human-like personality. I think that’s just a religious anthropomorphication. See the first three posts of this blog. It covers that in great detail.
Do you remember our discussion about recessive genetic traits and the environmental factors that bring them about? For this reason, the argument is still pretty solid. The y-chromosome migration patterns don’t lie.
Worry not though, Al. I’ve obtained a scanned copy of the article plus the diagrams. I’m going to reference it and post a write up on it later.
March 19, 2009 at 11:08 am
luke
I have read your article on your semi-scienfitic comment[a]ry on sociological / psychological mate selection and the pertinent concept of beauty. You seem to make many questionable links between many concepts, social ideas and their biological in regard to mate selection. Would not [C]harles [D]arwin theory of beauty; be a way to get sex and therefore increase the suc[c]ess of reproduction in a compet[i]tive enviro[n]ment. You rational narrative reminds me of eugenics really – a
wolrdWorld [W]ar 2 topic i believe in [N]azi [G]ermany. Anyway to 3 questions:What is the overall attainable information from observation of a person in relation to beauty and being biological[ly] fit?
Another idea or conclusion in the article; was the objective of making the ‘average’ person indifferent of race the most beautiful therefore more suitable for reproduction- this
thisis in contrast to the laws of biodiversity?Nevertheless; What are you ideas about a caste system for human being similar to insct such as ants – workers, queens, colonist, solider etc… for ar[c]h[e]type expression: an example would be a pro-wrestler, female gymn[a]st, astrophysicist and super-model?
March 21, 2009 at 10:36 pm
xenlogic
Hey Luke,
I had a hard time reading your comment because of all the typos and (what appear to be) incomplete sentences. So I’m going to take a best stab at it, even though I’m not sure what it is that you’re saying.
But first:
Would you be so kind as to expand?
(If I’m following you) Yes, and that is not counterpointed in this post.
Eugenics? Wow… I think you might have gone off the deep end there. Eugenics is more of an oppressive standard for controlled breeding. I’m not suggesting any such thing here.
I’m not sure I understand the question – but if I were to guess, are you asking me what does a person see in another that allows them to determine that they are biologically fit? If that’s what you’re asking me, I’ve already covered that in this post. There are three factors:
1. Genetic “Averageness”
2. The Golden Ratio (which is automatically recognized)
3. Cultural Influences
Is that what you were asking?
Have you ever heard of Koinophilia? Read up on that.
Again, I’m having a hard time following this question. It seems disjointed somehow. So let me make a best guess:
I don’t believe in the idea of a caste system – but I do believe we are all genetically predicated to become some archetype. Is that what you were asking?
March 22, 2009 at 8:38 pm
luke
“Would you be so kind as to expand?”
that is what the remainder of the paragraph or my response if for xenlogic; I am glad we can both agree and acknowledge on the basic evolutionarily theory and the concept of beauty involvement in mate selection.
the next matter is a natural progession of the idea of beauty into a social context.
“Eugenics? Wow… I think you might have gone off the deep end there. Eugenics is more of an oppressive standard for controlled breeding. I’m not suggesting any such thing here.”
so you reaffirm that your conscious ideas have no influence on mate selection?; and your implication that there is no current passive restrictionds on “breeding” is just not true. the example of surrogate parents, cultural values of different racial partners, royal family marriages to preserve wealth, incest [to bad if you find your sister beautiful and want to make more aveerage babies as you say], and many more – perhaps someone is not beautiful enough!? which is my point.
Another example to refute your silly Koinophilia idea, is why do not we human being clone each other like some animals – Teiidae (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teiidae). the answer cause biodiveristy is a healthly way to keep the race strong.
1. Genetic “Averageness”
2. The Golden Ratio (which is automatically recognized)
3. Cultural Influences
are valid points except for the golden ratio, i really wanted some elaboration on these points – anyway so women who do not have this golden ratio are automatically deemed unfit?
Midgets can beat pro basketball players, thier exists not beautiful fit caste or ulgy caste; Down sydrome people can become president of the USA; afician americans were never slaves; aborignials in australia were never invaded by english cononists. anyway thanks for the discussion and that term Koinophilia.
March 24, 2009 at 2:08 am
xenlogic
Hi Luke,
I hope you didn’t misread me. I wasn’t attempting to correct your grammar to be condescending or anything like that. I just genuinely couldn’t make out what the sentences were saying. That’s why I asked questions at the end of each response I wasn’t too sure about. I had to re-read several times before I responded to ensure that I was responding correctly.
Ok, on to your comments:
It appears we do.
Well yes they do to some extent. But physical attraction is not a conscious decision. It’s an automatic process that occurs in the brain.
I don’t think I ever implied that. Could you kindly point that out to me?
The beauty about physical attraction is that it is an autonomic reaction that is regulated by a set of enzymes that (usually) prevent incest from happening. It’s a built in fail safe hard wired into most people. Where those enzymes are deficient, we have an increased likelihood of incest.
In the beginning, incest was mandatory. But as human populations exploded, so did the probability of the recurrence of bad genes. The same faulty gene recurrence is more likely between family members. So when human populations reached sustainable developmental growth, incestuous unions became less desirable because of the availability of variety (which is the biodiversity to which you refer).
That automatic “gag reflex” we feel if we should consider having intercourse with a sibling is what usually prevents incestuous unions from ever happening. This in turn prevents the production of offspring that carry an overabundance of genetic markers that would exponentially increase the likelihood of producing a birth defect of some kind.
So I wouldn’t worry about incest with respect to genetic averageness. Our brains are already hard wired to prevent such an occurrence in most cases.
Koinophilia is not my “silly” idea. LOL!
It was coined by Johan H. Koeslag when he described sexual attraction among animals, and was first identified in humans by Judith Langlois. Langlois published a now famous study which showed how human faces were more attractive when several unattractive faces were merged together.
She discovered (quite famously) that humans are not attracted to hyper specific (and perhaps, mutative) genetic representations, but rather to representations that had the most average case genetic permutation – meaning most of the markers that make up a person’s appearance are “switched on” so to speak (of course, I’m oversimplifying here).
Both of these individuals are prominent and well written biologists. I should think they know what they’re talking about.
I covered much of this in great detail in the post. Is there anything in particular that you’d like me to expand on?
Well I think you can rely on your own experience to answer this question: If you walk into a room filled with some women; assuming that none of them talk to you, which one is more likely to grab your attention:
1. The plain Janes
2. The one girl whose very appearance is the embodiment of symmetrical perfection?
You don’t even need to answer this question. Your brain will answer for you.
…at chess maybe.
Unfortunately, you’re right. Thankfully, the last one was voted out in 2008. Thank GOD!
If you weren’t making a joke however, I would have to disagree. Down syndrome often constitutes a cognitive disability. If one has down syndrome, it’s not likely that they’d have the brain power to successfully complete even basic forms of education – let alone run for President. I think you’re being a bit lofty and unrealistic there.
What the…?
March 25, 2009 at 1:35 am
dave
DWL@ What the…?
March 28, 2009 at 2:53 pm
bhaktilata
fabulous writing, shockingly true assertions. I consider myself quite beautiful – only when I shaved my head in India did I fully realize the psychological corollaries of being beautiful. The most pronounced corollary is how you mentioned beautiful people ‘know’ they’re beautiful… I knew that if I unfurled my long hair and walked down the street, people would think I was beautiful. I wasn’t being a snob, or proud – just ‘revelling in the facts’, as you might say. But now I’m not so sure.
I must say, it’s quite refreshing. I guess this is the reason I shaved my head in the first place.
You can check it out here: http://seedofdevotion.blogspot.com/2008/12/liberation-at-21.html
Thanks for the insight.
August 11, 2009 at 3:20 pm
Is there a universal standard for beauty?
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